During these times, science also made seminal contributions toward better understanding the nature of homosexuality. The first Pride parades took place in 1970 to commemorate these protests and continue the advocacy that they had started 2. ![]() ![]() The Black Cat, Stonewall and other protests sparked a national, but also international, reckoning with the idea that civil rights should be expanded, including repealing anti-sodomy laws and providing other protections for LGBTQIA+ people. Courageous activists in the 1960s spoke out at a time when stigma born from society and medicine forced many into the closet, to hide any same-sex attraction or non-binary gender presentations. In the mid-twentieth century, dominant conservative forces opposed the expression of non-cisgender and non-heterosexual identities, and the American Psychiatric Association (APA) baselessly and without medical evidence classified homosexuality as a mental disorder 1. ![]() Any celebration of LGBTQIA+ pride should acknowledge the amazing history of the community, and here I focus on that history from my own viewpoint in the context of my home nation of the United States.
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